Makro Ekonomi dan Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Indonesia: Analisis Kemampuan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Indikator Makroekonomi Dalam Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Indonesia

Abi Fadillah

doi:10.53754/iscs.v1i2.84

Authors

Abi Fadillah Gadjah Mada University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53754/iscs.v1i2.84

Keywords:

Economic Growth, Macroeconomic Variable, Poverty in Indonesia

Abstract

Poverty is still a problem in Indonesia's economy. From the colonial period to 75 years of independence, around 27.55 million people still live below the poverty line. This paper tries to examine the impact of Indonesia's macroeconomic variables as proxied by Economic Growth (GDPG), Inward FDI (FDI), Unemployment (UNM), Inflation (IN), Exports (EXP), Imports (IMP) on Indonesia's absolute poverty (POVY) with using annual data from 1979-2020. This study emphasizes economic growth as the primary variable. At the same time, other independent variables are used as control variables. The method in this study uses Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and applies bounds testing approach to measuring the long-term relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The cointegration limit test shows that there is long-term cointegration between macroeconomic impacts on poverty in Indonesia. The short-term and long-term ARDL models show that all independent variables have a significant relationship with poverty in Indonesia.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Asia Development Bank (2018) ASEAN 2030: Toward a Borderless Economic Community. Retrieved from:https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/159312/adbi-asean-2030-borderless-economic-community.pdf

Alekhina. V and Ganell. G (2020) Determinants of Inclusive Growth in ASEAN. IMF Working Papers. ISBN/ISSN:9781513549194/1018-5941. Retrieved from: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2020/07/03/Determinants-of-Inclusive-Growth-in-ASEAN-49547

Barika (2015) Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Pengeluaran Pemerintah, Pengangguran, dan Inflasi Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan di Provinsi se-Sumatera. Unib Scholar Repository. Vol 5 (1), 27-36.

Badan Pusat Statistik (2021) Gini Ratio September 2020. Retrieved from : https://www.bps.go.id/pressrelease/2020/01/15/1747/gini-ratio-september-2019-tercatat-sebesar-0-380.html

Badan Pusat Statistik (2021) Persentase Penduduk Miskin September 2020 Retrieved from : https://www.bps.go.id/pressrelease/2020/01/15/1743/

Chani, M.I., Pervaiz, Z., Jan, S.A., Ali, A., and Chaudary, A.R (2011). Poverty, Inflation and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan. World Applied Sciences Journal, 14(7), 1058-1063.

Fayyaz.A, Muhammad Umar Draz, Lijuan Su, Ilhan Ozturk, Abdul Rauf, and Shahid Ali (2019) Impact of FDI Inflows on Poverty Reduction in the ASEAN and SAARC Economies. Sustainability MDPI, , vol. 11(9), pages 1-24.

Hasan. SA, Zaman, K and Gul S (2015) The Relationship between Growth-Inequality-Poverty Triangle and Environmental Degradation: Unveiling the Reality. Arab Economic and Business Journal. Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2015, Pages 57-71.

Hamid, E.S (2017) Strategi Pembangunan dan Problematika dalam Mengatasi Kemiskinan dan Ketimpangan di Indonesia. KAHMI.

Hasaan. Kalid. and Kayai, A.A (2018) Evaluating the Dilemma of Inflation, Poverty and Unemployment," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE). Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 5(2), pages 67-82, June

Hill, Carter and William Griffiths, (2018). Principle econometrics (3ed). New York: John Willey & Son.

Khan.M.B, Huobao.X, and Saleem.H (2019) Direct Impact of Inflow of Foreign Direct Investment on Poverty Reduction in Pakistan: a Bondstesting Approach. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32:1, 3647-3666.

Korankye, B, Wen,X, Michael, A and Baah-Nketiah, E (2020) Analyzing Economic Growth and Its impact on Poverty Reduction in Africa. International Journal of Science and Business. Vol. 4, issue 12, 93-105.

Lazreg,M and Zouari, E (2018) The Relationship Between FDI, Poverty Reduction, and Environmental Sustainability in Tunisia. Working Papers, 01756733.

Muttaqin, Z (2012) Economic Growth and Equality Reducing Poverty. Signifikan Jurnal Ekonomi. Vol.1 No.1.

Bouhajeb, M and Smoui (2016) Higher education, Graduate unemployment, Poverty and Economic growth in Tunisia, 1990-2013. Atlantic Review of Economics (2011-2016), vol. 1, pages 1-1.

Ogunniyi and Igberi (2014) The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Poverty Reduction in Nigeria. JESD Journal. Vol.5 No.14.

Oakland Institute (2018) Indonesia: The World Bank's Failed East Asian Miracle. Available: https://www.oaklandinstitute.org/indonesia-world-bank-failed-east-asian-miracle

Pererra, L.D. and Lee, G.H.Y (2013) Have Economic Growth and Institutional Quality Contributed to Poverty and Inequality Reduction in Asia?. Journal of Asian Economics. Volume 27, August 2013, Pages 71-86.

Ponciano S. Intal, Jr (2016) The Economic Transformation of the ASEAN Region in Comparative Perspective. Available: https://www.eria.org/3.1.ASEAN_50_Vol_3_Integrative_Chapters_1.pdf

Pahm (2019), Impacts of the Sectoral Composition of Growth on Poverty Reduction in Vietnam. Journal of Economics and Development. Vol. 21 No. 2, pp. 213-222.

Pesaran M. Shin, & Richard, S. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to The Analysis of Level Relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326.

Quiñonez, P., Sáenz, J., & Solórzano, J. (2018). Does foreign direct investment reduce poverty? The case of Latin America in the twenty-first century. Business and Economic Horizons, 14(3), 488–500

Ritwik Sasmal & Joydeb Sasmal (2016) Public Expenditure, Economic Growth and Poverty Alleviation. International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 43(6), pages 604-618.

Ruch.W and Geyer Jr. H.S (2018) Public Capital Investment, Economic Growth, and Poverty Reduction in South African Municipalities. Regional Science Policy and Practice. Vol.9 Issue.4 Pages 269-284

Rahman, SN, Suharno, and Badriah LS (2020) The Crucial Factors Affecting Poverty and Inequality in ASEAN: A Case Study of Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. International Conference on Rural Development and Enterpreneurship. Vol. 5 No.1ISBN: 978-623-7144-28-1.

Sam B.I (2016) Strategies for Alleviating Poverty in Nigeria. Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development. ISSN 2422-846, Vol.28.

Koc (2013) The Effect Of Foreign Direct Investment On Poverty: Panel Regression Analysis For 40 Selected Underdeveloped And Developing Countries, Sayfalar 225 - 240.

Siyan, P., Adegoriola, A. E., & Adolphus, J. A. (2016) Unemployment and Inflation: Implication on Poverty Level in Nigeria. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 79765, 1–23

Teixeira, A. A. C., & Loureiro, A. S. (2019). FDI, income inequality and poverty: a time series analysis of Portugal, 1973–2016. Portuguese Economic Journal, 18(3), 203–249

Uttama, N. P. (2015). foreign direct investment and the poverty reduction nexus in Southeast Asia. Economic Studies in Inequality, Social Exclusion and Well-Being, 281–298

World Bank (2021) Economic Growth and Macroeconomic data. Availabe: https://data.worldbank.org/

Ziegenhain. P (2020) ASEAN 2025 : Towards Increased Foreign Direct Investment in Southeast Asia ? Aegis, 4(1), 1–18.